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The NFOC-Salut group is a consolidated research group of Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain (2021 SGR 00817).

Analysis of institutional authors

Llaurado, ElisabetCorresponding AuthorValls, Rosa MAuthorBesora-Moreno, MariaAuthorQueral, JuditAuthorSola, RosaCorresponding AuthorPedret, AnnaAuthor

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Review

Effects of Chewing Gum on Satiety, Appetite Regulation, Energy Intake, and Weight Loss: A Systematic Review

Publicated to:Nutrients. 17 (3): 435- - 2025-02-01 17(3), DOI: 10.3390/nu17030435

Authors: Jimenez-ten Hoevel, Claudia; Llaurado, Elisabet; Valls, Rosa M; Besora-Moreno, Maria; Queral, Judit; Sola, Rosa; Pedret, Anna

Affiliations

Hosp Univ St Joan de Reus, Reus 43204, Spain - Author
Inst Invest Sanitaria Pere & Virgili IISPV, Reus 43204, Spain - Author
Univ Rovira I Virgili, Funct Nutr Oxidat & Cardiovasc Dis Grp NFOC Salut, Fac Med & Ciencies Salut, Reus 43201, Spain - Author

Abstract

Background: New approaches for the management of obesity, a worldwide problem and a major determinant of disability and mortality, are needed. Mastication influences appetite and satiety mechanisms via actual food or sham feeding. However, the effect of mastication of chewing gum, a type of sham feeding, on appetite regulation has not yet been elucidated. Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the influence of chewing gum on appetite regulation, satiety, energy intake, and weight loss via randomized controlled Trials. Methods: This study was conducted in accordance with the 2020 PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023432699). Electronic databases MEDLINE (R)/PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from July 2023 to September 2024. The quality of each included study was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, RoB 2. Results: A total of eight articles with nine RCTs were included in this systematic review. Seven out of nine RCTs evaluated appetite regulation. Five out of seven RCTs reported a significant suppressing effect of hunger, three out of five RCTs reported a significant reduction in desire to eat, and three out of four reported a significant reduction in the desire to eat a sweet snack, all of them compared to the control group. However, the effects on satiety, energy intake, and weight loss are not conclusive. Conclusions: Chewing gum could be a promising non-pharmacological tool for obesity management through appetite regulation; however, further research, with sustained RCTs evaluating the sustained effects of gum chewing on appetite and weight management, is needed.

Keywords

AdultAppetite regulationChewing gumEnergy intakeFemaleFood-intakeHealthyHormonesHumansMaleMasticationMealNumbeObeseObesitObesityRandomized controlled trials as topicSatiationSatietySnack intakeWeight loss

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Nutrients due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2025, it was in position 18/114, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Nutrition & Dietetics.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2025-06-22:

  • Scopus: 1

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-22:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 7.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 7 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 34.4.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 39 (Altmetric).
  • The number of mentions in news outlets: 1 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Jiménez-ten Hoevel, Claudia) and Last Author (Pedret Figuerola, Anna).

the authors responsible for correspondence tasks have been Llauradó Ribé, Elisabet and Solà Alberich, Rosa Maria.