{rfName}
Di

Indexed in

License and use

Citations

34

Altmetrics

Grant support

The authors are grateful to the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq - grants 141311/2017-7, 305637/2015-0) for fellowships and financial support. This study was financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior -Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001, the Government of Aragon, the Servicio General de Apoyo a la Investigacion-SAI, UNIZAR & the European Base Found, proposal E49_20R, and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, proposal #CTM2017-82929-R. The authors are also grateful to the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, grants 2016/01513-0). We would like to thank MSc. Daniel F. Andrade and Dr. Raquel C. Machado for donating the electronic waste reference material.

Analysis of institutional authors

Cruz-Conesa, AndresAuthor

Share

Publications
>
Article

Direct determination of Al and Pb in waste printed circuit boards (PCB) by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS): Evaluation of calibration strategies and economic - environmental questions

Publicated to:Journal Of Hazardous Materials. 399 122831- - 2020-11-15 399(), DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122831

Authors: Victor Babos, Diego; Cruz-Conesa, Andres; Pereira-Filho, Edenir Rodrigues; Anzano, Jesus M

Affiliations

Abstract

Matrix-matching calibration (MMC), two-point calibration transfer (TP CT), one-point and multi-line calibration (OP MLC), single-sample calibration (SSC) and calibration free (CF) were evaluated in order to overcome matrix effects in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). These calibration strategies were evaluated for direct determination of Al and Pb in waste printed circuit boards (PCB) using direct solids analysis by LIBS. Each strategy has limitations and advantages of its implementation, for the correction of matrix effects, so that it allows elementary determination with adequate accuracy. The MMC and CF proved to be excellent calibration strategies for the determination of strategic (Al) and toxic (Pb) elements by LIBS, with good recoveries (ranging from 80-120%) and low relative standard deviation (RSD%) values. A detailed discussion of the advantages and limitations of each of these five calibration strategies evaluated for LIBS is presented in this study. Lead concentrations in waste PCB samples are 5-12 times higher than established by Directive 2011/65/EU, and the samples analyzed contain between 3 and 55 g kg(-1) Al, being an interesting economic and recycling source for this metal.

Keywords

Calibration freeElectronic wasteEnvironment pollutionMatrix-matching calibrationMetalMultienergy calibrationOne-pointOne-point multi-line calibratioOne-point multi-line calibrationPhosphorusPropositionQuantitative-analysisSample preparationSingle-sample calibrationSoilsToxic elementTwo-point calibration transferUnivariateWeee

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Journal Of Hazardous Materials due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2020, it was in position 10/274, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Environmental Sciences. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 1.56, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Jun 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-06-06, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 15
  • Scopus: 19
  • OpenCitations: 13

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-06:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 46 (PlumX).

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Brazil.